What are the classifications and constructions of industrial light/heavy oil burners?
Fuel burners are commonly used combustion systems in industrial boilers, drying equipment, incinerators, and various kilns. The following mainly explains some main characteristics of fuel burners:
1. Classification of fuel burners
A burner is a device that combines a fuel delivery atomization device and an air conditioning device through an electrical circuit. This combination is called an integral burner. In addition to ensuring better boiler fuel supply and complete combustion, it also has automatic control, alarm, and maintenance devices. There is also a split type for dismantling the foundation, which separates the oil system and the air system, so the circuit system is also separate. According to different fuels, burners are divided into light oil (kerosene, diesel) burners, heavy oil (residual oil) burners, and dual purpose oil and gas burners.
According to the number of burner nozzles and the different adjustment methods, the burner is divided into single stage, two stage, three stage, and proportional type. The first stage has one fuel injector, the second stage has two fuel injectors, and the third stage has three fuel injectors. Proportional formula refers to the constant adjustment and variation of the burner load with the output of the boiler, while the other method is to adjust the output of the boiler based on the change in the number of nozzles.
2. Structure of fuel burner
In order to ensure the good operation of the fuel burner, it is necessary to improve the atomization quality of the oil, so that the oil mist and air are fully mixed, which is mainly achieved through the burner. The burner is a key equipment of a fuel fired boiler, consisting of a fuel injection part (atomizer), an air conditioning part, an ignition and stable combustion device, an electrical system, a motor, and a servo motor.
The fuel injection part is composed of an oil pump, an oil pump regulating valve, a filter screen, an oil preheater, a solenoid valve, a fuel injection nozzle, a return oil regulating valve, etc; The air conditioner is composed of a fan, a guide plate, a regulating sleeve, an outer shell, etc.
The ignition voltage stabilizing device is composed of a transformer, ignition electrodes, etc. The voltage stabilizing device is composed of an air conditioning plate and a combustion head.
The electrical system consists of flame sensors, combustion program controllers, fuel heating controllers, etc.
The motor servo motor provides power for the Phoenix engine, oil pump, damper air conditioning, and return air conditioning.
3. Oil atomization nozzle
(1) Mechanical atomization
The mechanical atomization nozzle applies higher oil pressure and sprays oil at high speed from the nozzle hole to complete atomization. The commonly used mechanical atomization nozzle is a centrifugal nozzle.
A simple mechanical atomization nozzle consists of atomization plates: a vortex chamber, an oil separator, and nozzle nuts. Fuel with a certain pressure and temperature enters the tangential groove through the inlet and equalizing groove, reaches high speed, and then enters the vortex chamber. The oil produces intense centrifugal rotation in the swirl chamber, forming pulsations in the direction of the grooves, which are sprayed out from the spray holes, forming a hollow conical oil film. As the oil diffuses through the orifice in turbulent flow and has centripetal force, it forms surface tension and is crushed into many fine oil particles to achieve the purpose of atomization.
(2) Rotor atomization
Its working principle is to feed fuel through a hollow shaft into a high-speed rotating cup shaped device with a speed of 3000-5000r/min. My mouth flew out and was atomized into very fine oil particles. At the same time, the fan blades installed on the same shaft blow out primary air along the rotor port through guide vanes, and the rotation direction of the primary air is opposite to the direction of the oil droplets, causing the oil droplets to be further atomized.